Groups linked to Russia and Iran are turning to crypto to fund purchases of military drones and related components, according to a report by Chainalysis.
The findings highlight how digital assets are intersecting with global e-commerce supply chains, particularly as commercially available drones play a growing role in conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East.
Blockchain data enables transaction tracing
According to Chainalysis, investigators were able to trace cryptocurrency flows from wallets associated with drone developers or paramilitary groups to vendors operating on e-commerce platforms.
The report noted that blockchain’s transparent ledger allows analysts to map transactions from origin to destination, providing visibility into procurement pathways that may otherwise remain difficult to detect.
Andrew Fierman, head of national security intelligence at Chainalysis, said the technology offers a distinct advantage once a vendor has been identified.
“On the blockchain, there’s this incredible opportunity, once you have identified the vendors, to see the counterparty activity and make assessments that help clarify that utilisation and the intent behind the purchase,” Fierman said.
Researchers matched crypto transactions ranging between $2,200 and $3,500 with exact price points of drones and components listed online.
According to Fierman, the analysis extended beyond payments to include contextual signals.
“We saw everything from the request for the drones and the parts and how much they were looking to get, and then the pictures showing that they had procured those goods,” he said.
Russia and Iran linked transcations
Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, pro-Russia groups have been said to have raised more than $8.3 million in cryptocurrency donations.
Drones were among the specifically itemised purchases funded through these contributions.
While traditional banking channels continue to dominate overall procurement activity, Chainalysis noted that crypto is increasingly being used alongside conventional systems, creating hybrid financing networks.
Chainalysis also identified activity tied to Iran-linked entities, including a cryptocurrency wallet associated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
The wallet was found to have purchased drone components from a Hong Kong-based supplier.
The report further indicated that Iran-linked groups are using digital assets not only for procurement but also for the sale of military equipment, underscoring a broader use of crypto within these networks.
Scale remains limited, but oversight challenges grow
Despite these developments, the overall volume of cryptocurrency linked to drone procurement remains relatively small compared to total military spending.
However, Chainalysis emphasised that blockchain data provides a level of traceability that is not typically available through traditional financial systems.
“The blockchain can provide a lot of insight that isn’t necessarily traditionally available,” Fierman said.
While digital payments and global online marketplaces can complicate regulatory oversight, they also generate data trails that authorities can analyse.
The report ultimately points to a shifting landscape in which low-cost drones are reshaping modern conflict, and blockchain technology is emerging as both an enabler of transactions and a tool for tracking them.
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